(Global) Hip Hop Studies Bibliography

This bibliography documents Hip Hop scholarship outside of America, including scholarly works that may be US centric, yet expands its analysis to other parts of the world. Hip Hop Studies outside the boundaries of the United States stretches as far and wide as Hip Hop itself. This scholarship started in 1984, and the amount of scholarship beyond American boundaries has continued to grow up through present day. The first wave, before Mitchell\u27s Global Noise (2001), includes a wider range of scholarly works such as conference presentations and books written by journalists, in addition to traditional academic sources such as books and journal articles. I included the variety of scholarly works in the first wave that I do not include in the second wave because the earlier works can function as primary sources and document how the field has grown

Muskrats on tidal marshes of Dorchester County

This bulletin reports, in a non-technical manner, investigations on the Virginia muskrat, prevalent in Maryland, from July, 1949 to June, 1951

Computer used to program numerically controlled milling machine

Computer program automatically directs a numerically controlled milling machine through a series of cutting and trimming actions. It accepts engineering data points, passes smooth curve segments through the points, breaks the resulting curves into a series of closely spaced points, and transforms these points into the form required by the mechanism

Report on the Bombing of Our Own Troops during Operation “Tractable”: 14 August 1944

Editor’s Note: Operation “Tractable“ was the second major Canadian operation in Normandy designed to break through the German defensive perimeter to reach Falaise. Like its predecessor, Operation “Totalize,“ “Tractable“ was to employ heavy bombers to augment the firepower available to the troops. The use of heavy bombers in a tactical role was a relatively new tasking for the strategic force and required precise targetting to destroy and disrupt enemy positions. The strategic bomber force, British and American, had made significant contributions to the land battle in Normandy, but there had been mistakes, most notably during Operation “Cobra” when the American 8th Air Force had twice bombed their own troops on 24–25 July causing 136 deaths and an additional 621 casualties. For Operation “Tractable,” the medium bombers of 2 Group, 2nd Tactical Air Force were to bomb German gun, mortar and tank positions along the startline immediately prior to H-Hour. This was to be followed by a large attack by Bomber Command hours after the start of the advance. This bombing was intended “to destroy or neutralize enemy guns, harbours, and defended lacalities on the right flank and to prevent any enemy movement from this area to the area of attack.” (First Canadian Army Op Instruction No. 14, August 1944). Though the air support was largely a success, a number of aircraft mistakenly bombed short hitting units of First Canadian Army. In total, over 150 Allied soldiers were killed and 241 wounded by the short bombing. Though it had little impact on the outcome of “Tractable,” there were a number of investigations launched to understand why the short bombing occurred. The report which follows, dated 25 August 1944 and written by Air Chief Marshal Arthur Harris, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Bomber Command, contains the official RAF post–mortem on the reasons for the accidental bombing of First Canadian Army

”I Speak Hip Hop”: An Informative Interview about Generation Hip Hop and the Universal Hip Hop Museum

”I Speak Hip Hop” is an interview of members of Generation Hip Hop and the Universal Hip Hop Museum. This primary source highlights two Hip Hop organizations with chapters around the world. Tasha Iglesias and Travis Harris posits that Hip Hop scholars have not fully uncovered Hip Hop\u27s history around the world. As such, in addition to being a primary source, I Speak Hip Hop reveals the need for more scholarly attention on the dynamic expansion of Hip Hop cultures

Charge and Spin Ordering in the Mixed Valence Compound LuFe2O4

Landau theory and symmetry considerations lead us to propose an explanation for several seemingly paradoxical behaviors of charge ordering (CO) and spin ordering (SO) in the mixed valence compound LuFe2O4. Both SO and CO are highly frustrated. We analyze a lattice gas model of CO within mean field theory and determine the magnitude of several of the phenomenological interactions. We show that the assumption of a continuous phase transition at which CO or SO develops implies that both CO and SO are incommensurate. To explain how ferroelectric fluctuations in the charge disordered phase can be consistent with an antiferroelectric ordered phase, we invoke an electron-phonon interaction in which a low energy (20meV) zone-center transverse phonon plays a key role. The energies of all the zone-center phonons are calculated from first principles. We give a Landau analysis which explains SO and we discuss a model of interactions which stabilizes the SO state, if it is assumed commensurate. However, we suggest a high resolution experimental determination to see whether this phase is really commensurate, as believed up to now. The applicability of representation analysis is discussed. A tentative explanation for the sensitivity of the CO state to an applied magnetic field in field-cooled experiments is given.Comment: 36 pages, 17 figure

Spin Dynamics of Trimers on a Distorted Kagom\'e Lattice

We treat the ground state, elementary excitations, and neutron scattering cross section for a system of trimers consisting of three tightly bound spins 1/2 on a distorted Kagom\'e lattice, subject to isotropic nearest neighbor (usually antiferromagnetic) Heisenberg interactions. The interactions between trimers are assumed to be weak compared to the intra trimer interactions. We compare the spin-wave excitation spectrum of trimers with that obtained from standard spin-wave theory and attribute the differences at low energy to the fact that the trimer formulation includes exactly the effects of intra-trimer zero point motion. Application to existing systems is briefly discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure

Assessing Aquatic Insect Flight Behavior with Sticky Traps

A suspended sticky trap was designed to analyze flight behavior of aquatic insects, including both direction and vertical distribution of flight. Specifications of trap construction are detailed. Possible applications were explored and preliminary results from the study of a small Indiana stream demonstrated primary upstream migration of females, and indicated vertical partitioning of flight activity at the species level

Look right! A retrospective study of pedestrian accidents involving overseas visitors to London

Introduction: Research within the European Union has shown international visitors to have a higher injury mortality than residents. Traffic accidents are the leading cause of injury-related death among overseas visitors and evidence suggests overseas visitors are at a greater risk of being involved in road traffic accidents than the resident population. Little information looks specifically at pedestrian injuries to overseas visitors. Pedestrian deaths account for 21% of all UK road deaths. Methods: A retrospective database review of London helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) missions was undertaken to examine the number and type of missions to overseas visitors, specifically examining pedestrian incidents. Results: Of 121 missions to overseas visitors, 74 (61%) involved the visitor as a pedestrian struck by a vehicle. Thirty-five pedestrians (47%) were struck by a bus and 20 by a car (27%). Fourteen patients (19%) had an initial Glasgow coma scale score of 3–8, suggesting severe head injury and half of all patients required prehospital intubation (38/74, 51%). Mortality was 16% (12/74%) and 62 patients (84%) survived to hospital discharge. Of 39 patients admitted to the Royal London Hospital, the average injury severity score (ISS%) was 23.0 (ISS >15 denotes severe trauma) with a mean inpatient stay of 17.9 days. Conclusion: During the 7-year period studied, 61% of HEMS missions to overseas visitors involved a pedestrian being struck by a vehicle, compared with 16% of missions to UK residents. For HEMS missions, serious trauma to pedestrians is disproportionally more common among the visitor population to London